一、术语解释(总题数：10，分数：20.00)
1.Arbitrariness（分数：2.00）
正确答案：(
Arbitrariness is one of the design features of language. It refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the meaning it is associated with. There is no reason, for example, why English should use the sounds /dɒg/ to refer to the animal dog, or why Chinese should use “gou” to refer to the same animal. The relationship between the sounds and their meaning is quite accidental.
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2.Phatic function of language（分数：2.00）
正确答案：(
Language is used to establish an atmosphere or maintain social contact between the speaker and the hearer. Greetings, farewells, and comments on the weather serve this function. For example, the expressions such as “How do you do?” and “Ah, here you are” do not convey any meaning, but are used to establish a common sentiment between the speaker and the hearer.
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3.Field of discourse（分数：2.00）
正确答案：(
Field of discourse is one of the social variables that determine the register. Field of discourse refers to what is going on: to the area of operation of the language activity. It is concerned with the purpose and subject matter of communication. It answers the questions of “why” and “about what” communication takes place. Field of discourse may be non-technical or technical: shopping, game playing, and a personal letter are instances of nontechnical fields. Technical fields refer to the specialized fields such as a linguist giving a lecture in class and meteorologists talking about the weather. The field of a register determines to a great extent the vocabulary to be used in communication and it also determines the phonological and grammatical features of the language.
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4.Immediate constituent（分数：2.00）
正确答案：(
Linguistic unit ……此处隐藏36137个字……mpty flattery of Goneril and Regan, Cordelia offers her father a truthful evaluation of her love for him: she loves him “according to my bond”; that is, she understands and accepts without question her duty to love him as a father and king. Although Cordelia loves Lear better than her sisters do, she is unable to “heave” her heart into her mouth, as her integrity prevents her from making a false declaration in order to gain his wealth. Lear’s rage at what he perceives to be her lack of affection sets the tragedy in motion. Cordelia’s refusal to flatter Lear, then, establishes her virtue and the authenticity of her love, while bringing about Lear’s dreadful error of judgment.
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